精彩橡木饰面的伟德bvt技巧和技术

早期和拉伍德污渍不同

完成橡木就像一次完成两个不同的树林。早期木中的大而可见的毛孔比相对光滑的latewood更加积极地吸收污渍。

Avoid disasters; make samples first

Always, always, always make samples before you begin to apply finish. Most finishing disasters can be avoided with this basic step. Making samples gives you the opportunity to tweak a recipe until you get the look you want. Be sure to make the samples out of scrap from the project you’re finishing to get the most accurate preview of how the finish will look. Sand and finish the samples to the same level as your project and apply a topcoat.

最后，准确地测量和记录每个步骤，包括染料浓度，混合比率，何时进行擦伤，面漆的数量等。没有什么比在完美的外观上击中唯一要意识到您不知道自己是如何到达那里的更糟糕的了。

良好饰面的关键：合适的打磨

I sand oak to 220 grit. Although lots of people stop at 180 grit, I find going one more step really polishes the dense latewood and enhances its contrast with the coarse earlywood.

Scuff-sand carefully

毛虫和清漆涂层之间有280或320粒度的磨砂膏。只需轻轻触摸即可。必须注意不要在下一层中磨损一层饰面。

每层虫胶涂层后，我通常会磨碎。砂子去除了灰尘，并留下刮擦图案，以使下一层握住。

Tip:在Quartersawn Oak上划着染料外套，使Ray Fleck真正流行。由于射线是如此密集，因此染料倾向于坐在地面上，在光线砂中很容易将其清除。这使射线比周围的木材轻。

Create a ground color with dye

Many great oak finishes begin with a “ground color” dye, typically a yellow or reddish brown. The ground color establishes the finish’s predominate undertone. Apply the dye liberally to bare wood with a brush or spray bottle. Blot up any excess with a clean rag. Even when thinned to manufacturers’ recommendations, dyes produce very strong colors. To avoid too strong a color or problems with lap marks, I recommend thinning the dye 50 percent beyond the bottle directions. You can always add a second or even third application of dye for a darker look, but it’s a lot harder to go from dark to light.

Tip:在涂上染料之前，我用喷雾瓶用水将木头雾化。潮湿的木材比干燥的木材更均匀。

添加屏障的屏障涂层

Shellac sealer brings the dyed oak to life. At the same time, it creates a barrier that prevents dyes or stains from bleeding into the next layer of finish. The barrier coat also creates distinct, well-defined layers that really add depth and beauty. Shellac is also used as a barrier coat between a colored glaze layer and the final topcoat. Be sure to use dewaxed shellac that’s thinned to a 2-lb. cut. (A 2-lb. cut simply means 2 pounds of dry shellac flakes were dissolved in one gallon of alcohol.) This is a thin mix that’s easy to brush and, because it’s dewaxed, it’s compatible with any topcoat. If you buy ready-mixed in the can, be careful: There are also cans of shellac labeled as a “finish and sealer” that use a more concentrated 3-lb. cut and contain wax. Read the label carefully. It should say something like “universal sanding sealer” and “100-percent wax-free formula.”

釉加深谷物对比度

釉层是一个伟大的秘密配方oak finish. A dark glaze emphasizes oak’s beautiful strong grain. Glaze is nothing more than a thick stain applied over a sealed surface. Apply the glaze with a stiff brush across the grain. This helps push the pigment deep into the wood’s pores. The glaze is removed with a pair of rags. The glaze left in the open pores of the earlywood turns it very dark. At the same time, the sealed latewood takes up very little stain. The result accentuates the natural contrast in oak’s grain. You can control the color strength on the latewood by either wiping the wood clean or leaving a little glaze behind. Use one rag to pick up the bulk of the stain. When it becomes saturated, it will leave a thin layer of color behind. Use the dry rag to clean up stain in corners or molding profiles. If the glaze ends up too dark or dries too quickly, don’t panic; just wipe the surface with a rag soaked with mineral spirits and start over.

Tip:将一次性刷的刷毛切成两半。短而僵硬的刷毛使得可以轻松地从罐子上挖出厚厚的凝胶，并将污渍深入到木头的开放孔中。

面漆可保护颜色

A protective topcoat adds depth and durability. Typical topcoats are oil-based or water-based varnish or lacquer. They protect the finish you’ve labored so diligently to create, as well as the wood beneath it. Be sure to seal the glaze layer before a topcoat is applied. Dewaxed shellac is the perfect sealer because it’s compatible with any topcoat you choose.

Mission oak

此饰面专为Quarttersawn White Oak设计。打磨染料外套如此轻，确实可以增强射线斑点。

1. Apply a 50-50 mix of Trans Tint Dark Mission brown and medium brown dye to the bare wood and let it dry.

2. Very lightly scuff-sand the dyed wood with 320-grit paper.

3.用无蜡虫胶屏障层密封染料。

4.磨砂。

5.用瓦拉烷暗核桃凝胶染色釉。

6.密封无蜡虫胶和scuff-sand当dry.

7.应用您选择的面漆。

金橡树

This is a classic oak finish familiar to any antique lover. The glaze layer darkens the open-pored earlywood and contrasts beautifully with the brownish-gold latewood. This finish looks best on red oak.

1. Trans Tint honey amber dye to the bare wood and
让它干燥。

2.干燥时用虫胶和磨砂膏密封。

3. Glaze with Varathane dark walnut gel stain.

4.干燥时用虫胶和磨砂膏密封。

5.应用您选择的面漆。

Deep, dark, red oak

这种饰面在Plainsawn Red Red Oak板上看起来很棒，无法直接从罐头中脱颖而出。红色染料非常强。但是，凝胶污渍是没有屏障外套的，因此它使早期伍德和莱特伍德都变暗。

1. Apply Trans Tint bright scarlet to the bare wood and let it dry.

2. Apply Minwax jet black mahogany gel stain.

3. Seal with wax-free shellac and scuff-sand when dry.

4. Apply a topcoat of your choice.

Simple, but nice, oak finish

This finish is as easy as it gets. Its results are not as spectacular as those of the other three recipes. But it makes up for its plainer look with ease of application.

1. Apply two coats of Rockler’s Mission Oak Wipe-On gel stain.

2.干燥时用虫胶和磨砂膏密封。

3. Apply a topcoat of your choice.

Sources

（注意：产品的可用性和成本如原始出版日期以来可能会发生变化。）

Woodcraft，Woodcraft.com，800-535-4486，Zinnser Bulls眼罩；transtint染料：蜂蜜琥珀色，＃128481，鲜红色，＃128488，中等棕色，＃128484，深色任务棕色＃128486。

洛克勒，Rockler.com，800-279-4441，Mission Oak Pie-On Gel污渍，＃34921。

家Centers and Hardware Stores，，，，Varathane dark walnut gel stain; jet Minwax gel stain black mahogany.

This story originally appeared inAmerican WoodworkerSeptember 2005, issue #116.

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